<figure class="table"><table><tbody><tr><td><figure class="image"><img src="https://image.vietnamnews.vn/uploadvnnews/Article/2025/4/11/416751_5136414269792435_giao-su-australia-resize.jpg" alt=""></figure></td></tr><tr><td>Professor Carl Thayer of the Australian Defence Force Academy under the University of New South Wales. — VNA/VNS Photo</td></tr></tbody></table></figure>SYDNEY — In 50 years since the national reunification (April 30, 1975-2025), Việt Nam has transformed from war-devastated developing country to a peacetime country that has attained lower middle-income status, said Professor Carl Thayer, saying what impresses him most is that with every visit to Việt Nam, he witnesses remarkable and dynamic changes taking place across the country.In an interview with a Việt Nam News Agency correspondent in Australia, Professor Carl Thayer of the Australian Defence Force Academy under the University of New South Wales, recalled that the first 15 years following reunification were an exceptionally challenging period for Việt Nam.He pointed out that the country faced numerous hardships, including the border wars in the southwest and north, along with the US-imposed embargo on aid and trade, which placed significant strain on Việt Nam’s post-war recovery and development efforts.The key factor in extricating Việt Nam from a socio-economic crisis was the strategic far-sighted vision of its leadership to carry out the renewal (Đổi Mới) of the country’s economic system and open Việt Nam to the outside world, allow the private sector to grow in Việt Nam.Việt Nam abandoned rigid central planning and developed a socialist-orientated market economy. Việt Nam diversified and multilateralised its external relations. The year 1995 was a pivotal year when Việt Nam normalised relations with the US and joined the Association of Southeast Asian Nations as its seventh member.Việt Nam attracted foreign direct investment and shifted from an agricultural economy to a manufacturing one, acquiring the resources to reduce poverty and raise family income.Reflecting on Việt Nam’s historic victory on April 30, 1975, the scholar emphasised that the core driver behind this triumph was the Vietnamese people’s unwavering national unity. He noted that this spirit of solidarity had long served as a vital force in the country’s struggle for independence and reunification.According to Thayer, developing national solidarity was the key to overcoming the division of Việt Nam into three regions under French colonial rule, evidenced by the founding of Việt Minh (League for the Independence of Việt Nam) in 1941, the success of the August Revolution in 1945, President Hồ Chí Minh’s declaration of independence on September 2, 1945, and ultimately, the victory at Điện Biên Phủ in 1954, which marked the end of the protracted war against French colonialism.The April 30 victory was a combination of military art and skillful diplomacy, taking advantage of national strength and the strength of the times. After 1975, the Việt Nam People’ Army safeguarded Việt Nam from attacks on its southwest and northern borders, modernise and defend national sovereignty on land and at sea from the mid-1990s to the present.According to the professor, Việt Nam not only diversified and multilateralised its foreign relations through strategic partnerships as well as active and proactive international integration by joining APEC, ASEAN, and the World Trade Organisation. This diplomatic strategy proved a resounding success as Việt Nam was twice elected a non-permanent member of the UN Security Council by a large majority vote.Việt Nam acquitted international prestige as a reliable partner through its pursuit pf independence, self-reliance, peace, cooperation, and development, he added.Việt Nam’s leaders have often called for “combining national strength and the strength of the times.” During the struggle for national unification, Việt Nam was able to receive assistance from traditional friends but also modify this assistance to suit the conditions of Việt Nam. General Võ Nguyên Giáp modified his strategy to defeat the French at Điện Biên Phủ. Việt Nam modified Soviet military technology to suit the battlefield conditions in Việt Nam.Today, Việt Nam encourages technology transfer and co-production. As Việt Nam’s second International Defence Expo illustrated in December 2024, Việt Nam could modify and develop coastal missiles and drones to suit its special conditions. Việt Nam has also acquired the knowledge and skills to manufacture computer chips and electric vehicles.The country has sent its students far and wide to learn about the Fourth Industrial Revolution and new innovations in science and technology, digital transformation, e-commerce, and artificial intelligence. It is now using this knowledge to make a breakthrough in development and avoid the middle-income trap.In the context of Việt Nam's increasingly deep integration with the world economy, many lessons learnt from the April 30 victory need to be recognised and promoted. The most important lesson is, Thayer said, Việt Nam must always be able to evaluate its own strengths and weaknesses while pursuing a long-term strategic vision. The country can learn from other countries, but it must always pursue its national interests. This requires unity among the population, political stability, constant adaptability and critical innovation. — VNS

Việt Nam must always be able to evaluate its own strengths and weaknesses while pursuing a long-term strategic vision. The country can learn from other countries, but it must always pursue its national interests. This requires unity among the population, political stability, constant adaptability and critical innovation.

Australian scholar praises Việt Nam’s remarkable 50-year transformation

<figure class="table"><table><tbody><tr><td><figure class="image"><img src="https://image.vietnamnews.vn/uploadvnnews/Article/2025/4/10/416121_DOCLAP.jpg" alt=""></figure></td></tr><tr><td>The Reunification Palace, now a special national historical site, once stood as the residence and seat of power for various presidents of the Republic of Việt Nam (the Sài Gòn regime) before 1975. VNA/VNS Photo</td></tr></tbody></table></figure>The memory of that heroic day—when the nation was made whole once more—remains vivid in the mind of architect Nguyễn Hữu Thái, a living witness to the dawn of national reunification on 30 April 1975.Now aged 87, but still remarkably lucid and sprightly, Thái recounted with fervour the dramatic hours of 30 April 1975 at the Independence Palace in central Sài Gòn—then the headquarters of the Republic of Việt Nam—as the last moments of war slipped into history.Back in 1963–1964, as President of the Sài Gòn Student Union, Thái was assigned to work within the so-called “third force” movement—a coalition of intellectuals, students and religious groups who advocated for peace and national reconciliation.At 9.30 that morning, over the airwaves, General Dương Văn Minh—then President of the Republic of Việt Nam—announced the handover of power to the liberation forces.From Vạn Hạnh Pagoda, Thái instructed a group of students to seize control of the Sài Gòn Radio Station. He then joined Dr Huỳnh Văn Tòng in a car driven by journalist Nguyễn Vạn Hồng, an underground revolutionary, and made for the Presidential Palace. Their aim: to leverage existing connections with cabinet members to secure a peaceful transfer of power to the South Việt Nam Liberation Front.Around 10 am, Thái slipped through a side gate on Nguyễn Du Street, unchallenged— security checkpoints had by then been dismantled.Inside, he encountered Minister of Information Lý Quý Chung, who had once helped him evade military conscription, and proposed they seize the radio station to hand it over to the liberation force.<figure class="table"><table><tbody><tr><td><figure class="image"><img src="https://image.vietnamnews.vn/uploadvnnews/Article/2025/4/10/416117_NHTAHI.jpg" alt=""></figure></td></tr><tr><td>Architect Nguyễn Hữu Thái. VNA/VNS Photo</td></tr></tbody></table></figure>Chung agreed, but no driver dared to leave the Palace amid the chaos. As the two men stood stranded on the steps, the ground began to tremble—Liberation Army tanks were rolling down Thống Nhất Boulevard (now Lê Duẩn Boulevard).“A column of tanks surged forward. The roar of engines, the grind of metal tracks—then, one tank broke through the gates, and others followed, hoisting the flags of the Liberation Front. That image is forever etched in my memory,” Thái recalled.Lieutenant Bùi Quang Thận, commander of Tank 843, Armoured Brigade 203, Army Corps 2, his tank’s antenna flying the Liberation Front flag, soon entered the Palace grounds, followed by Lt Vũ Đăng Toàn, commander of Tank 390.Wearing armbands in red and blue—the symbol of the uprising forces—Thái and Tòng greeted the soldiers and led them to the second floor, where Gen Minh’s cabinet awaited.Lt Toàn remained to guard the officials. Lt Thận, however, expressed a fervent desire to raise the victory flag over the Palace.Thái and Tòng guided him towards the rooftop, but the main staircase had been bombed weeks earlier by an F-5E fighter jet of the Sài Gòn Air Force piloted by Nguyễn Thành Trung, a secret member of the Liberation Front.It was Nguyễn Quang Chiêm, chief of staff to the President, who led them to a side stairway and lift. Atop the roof, Thận, Thái and Tòng climbed a wooden ladder to reach the flagpole. Without even a knife to assist them, Lt Thận carefully untied the rope, lowered the three-striped flag of the Sài Gòn regime, and hoisted the golden star, red-and-blue flag of the National Liberation Front.Before raising the new flag, he signed the old one and noted the time: “11:30”. That note would become a testament—that it was Lt Thận who first raised the liberation flag over the Independence Palace on 30 April.“I had lived most of my youth without knowing peace. So when I saw the flag of the Liberation Front unfurling above Sài Gòn, I felt overwhelmed. That moment marked the end of 117 years of colonial and imperial rule. Việt Nam had peace at last,” said Thái.By a remarkable twist of fate, the men who bore witness to that historic raising of the flag—at the palace once home to various presidents of the South Việt Nam administration—accidentally came from all three regions of the country: Lt Thận from Thái Bình in the North, architect Thái from Đà Nẵng in the Central region, and Dr Tòng from Tây Ninh in the South.Their presence together was a living symbol of national unity—of a Việt Nam whole and undivided.Introducing the surrender broadcastAfter the flag was raised, Thái returned to the second floor where President Minh’s cabinet still sat.The liberation officers requested that the President travel to the Saigon Radio Station to formally announce the surrender, since the Palace’s broadcasting system was not functioning.At noon on 30 April 1975, after directly commanding the escort of President Minh to the Sài Gòn Radio Station, Captain Phạm Xuân Thệ, deputy commander of Regiment 66, together with officers and soldiers of Regiment 66, Division 304, Army Corps 2, began drafting the surrender declaration for President Minh.While the document was being prepared, Lt Col Bùi Văn Tùng, political commissar of the Armoured Brigade 203, Army Corps 2, arrived at the station.Lt Col Tùng completed the final version, which President Minh recorded for broadcast.When they arrived at the Sài Gòn Radio Station, Thái recalled, the station was already under the liberation army's control, yet silent—its staff had fled, unsure what to do.They gathered on the second floor to prepare the announcement, while students scrambled to find a technician.Despite technical issues—especially a weak battery in the tape recorder—the statement was finally recorded on the third attempt, just past 2 pm.Journalist Kỳ Nhân of the American AP news agency captured the scene in a photograph now etched in the nation's memory. At its centre: President Dương Văn Minh, surrounded by German journalist Borries Gallasch, interpreter Hà Huy Đỉnh, student Hà Thúc Huy, Nguyễn Hữu Thái, Captain Phạm Xuân Thệ, and several soldiers.Lt Col Tùng and Prime Minister Vũ Văn Mẫu were present but not captured in the frame.Thái served as a radio presenter for the broadcast, announcing: “We represent the Revolutionary People’s Committee of Sài Gòn – Chợ Lớn – Gia Định… We are Professor Huỳnh Văn Tòng and former President of the Sài Gòn Student Union Nguyễn Hữu Thái… Normal life has returned to Sài Gòn – Hồ Chí Minh City, the city that President Hồ so longed to see liberated… We now present the statements from Mr Dương Văn Minh and Mr Vũ Văn Mẫu of the Sài Gòn administration regarding the surrender…”.German journalist Gallasch then played the recorded statement by President Minh. This was followed by a live address from Vũ Văn Mẫu calling for reconciliation, and Lt Col Tùng accepted the official surrender.Thái noted that the entire programme was recorded by Dr Nguyễn Nhã, a historian.Following the broadcast, Lt Col Tùng escorted former President Minh and former Prime Minister Mẫu back to the Independence Palace, now renamed Reunification Palace.Thái and the student group remained at the radio station, continuing to broadcast announcements from the provisional revolutionary government. They called upon journalists, artists, and the entire people to unite in nation-building, and aired the surrender announcement repeatedly.“In the early evening, around 5pm, as I left the station I saw the streets teeming with people. Crowds surged towards the Palace. Sài Gòn was alive, peaceful, jubilant—as though it had never heard the thunder of war. Fifty years have passed, and yet the memory is as vivid as if it were yesterday,” Thái said.Through decades of hardship—three imprisonments under the Sài Gòn regime, over 10 years before he could complete his studies, years spent abroad before reclaiming his Vietnamese citizenship—architect Nguyễn Hữu Thái remains proud to have played his part in the nation's path to independence and reunification, leaving behind a legacy for generations to come.“My life has always been for the youth—from my days in the student movement to teaching and writing books. The memory of April 30, 1975 is not just history—it has become part of my very being. It gave me strength through every challenge and kept me committed to serving this country, in every way I could,” he said. VNS &nbsp;

Nguyễn Hữu Thái recounted with fervour the dramatic hours of 30 April 1975 at the Independence Palace—then the final bastion of the Republic of Việt Nam—as the last moments of war slipped into history.

Inside the Independence Palace on 30 April: A witness remembers

<figure class="table"><table><tbody><tr><td><figure class="image"><img src="https://image.vietnamnews.vn/uploadvnnews/Article/2025/4/11/416742_5136402680406853_vna_potal_khai_mac_hoi_nghi_lan_thu_11_ban_chap_hanh_trung_uong_dang_khoa_xiii_7963691.jpg" alt=""></figure></td></tr><tr><td>Members of the 13th Party Central Committee at their 11th plenum. — VNA/VNS Photo</td></tr></tbody></table></figure>HÀ NỘI — Members of the Party Central Committee looked into the continued restructuring of the political system’s organisational apparatus, the re-organisation of administrative units, and the adoption of a two-level local government system on Friday during their ongoing 11th plenum.They also discussed in groups issues regarding preparations for the 14th National Party Congress, and the elections of deputies to the 16th National Assembly and People’s Councils at all levels for the 2026–2031 tenure.Members of the committee gave ideas to various draft reports and proposals, including a draft Political Report of the 13th Party Central Committee to be presented at the 14th National Party Congress; a draft report on summarising some theoretical and practical issues after 40 years of socialist-oriented renewal (Đổi mới) in Việt Nam; and a draft report on the five-year implementation of the 10-year socio-economic development strategy (2021–2030), and the orientations and tasks for the 2026–2030 period.They reviewed a draft report on Party building and implementation of the Party Statutes by the 13th Party Central Committee for submission to the 14th National Party Congress, as well as personnel plans for the 14th National Party Congress.Discussions also included amendments, supplementations and replacements to Directive No. 35-CT/TW issued on June 14, 2024 by the Politburo, regarding Party congresses at all levels in preparation for the 14th National Party Congress; and a proposal on directions for electing deputies to the 16th National Assembly and People's Councils at all levels for the 2026–2031 term.In the afternoon, the committee continued group discussions on these topics.Meanwhile, the Politburo convened to give opinions on the Party Central Committee's feedback regarding the continued restructuring of the political system’s apparatus, the re-organisation of administrative units, and the adoption of a two-tier local government structure which features provincial- and communal-level authorities. — VNS

The Party Central Committee discussed in groups issues regarding preparations for the 14th National Party Congress, and the elections of deputies to the 16th National Assembly and People’s Councils at all levels for the 2026–2031 tenure on Friday.

Party Central Committee’s 11th plenum focuses on apparatus restructuring

<figure class="table"><table><tbody><tr><td><figure class="image"><img src="https://image.vietnamnews.vn/uploadvnnews/Article/2025/4/4/415508_5130394239448128_image.png" alt=""></figure></td></tr><tr><td>National Assembly Chairman Trần Thanh Mẫn delivers a speech at the Yerevan State University on April 4. VNA/VNS Photo</td></tr></tbody></table></figure>YEREVAN — National Assembly Chairman Trần Thanh Mẫn and his spouse Nguyễn Thị Thanh Nga visited the Yerevan State University on April 4 as part of their official trip to Armenia.The top legislator expressed his delight at visiting the university – the academic heart, lighthouse of knowledge, and a source of pride not only for Armenia but also for the entire region.Việt Nam and Armenia, despite their geographical distance, share strong bonds through their heroic histories, ancient cultures, and the resilient spirit of their people, NA Chairman Mẫn said, noting that the two countries have maintained excellent traditional friendship relations built on mutual respect, political trust, and a desire for development cooperation for peace and prosperity. In this journey, education and training have consistently served as a strong bridge, nurturing friendship, sharing knowledge, and opening new horizons for cooperation.He expressed his deep impression of the university's century-long history and praised the tireless efforts of generations of leaders, lecturers, and students who have achieved remarkable accomplishments in teaching, research, and innovation. The top legislator underscored the significance of higher education to training high-quality human resources capable of adaptation, innovation, and international integration amidst a volatile world, characterised by the fourth Industrial Revolution, globalisation and non-traditional security challenges.Affirming that Việt Nam has always considered education as the nation’s top policy, NA Chairman Mẫn highlighted the remarkable progress of Việt Nam's education system, particularly higher education, over the recent past. Việt Nam has been striving for a comprehensive educational reform, improvement in human resources quality, enhancement in scientific research, and promotion of international integration.Looking back at the education development journeys of both countries, he said Việt Nam and Armenia have endured challenging historical periods yet maintained their determination and aspirations for advancement, considering education the key to the future. These similarities provide a solid foundation for more effective cooperation in this important field.The NA Chairman suggested increasing student, lecturer, and researcher exchanges between the Yerevan State University and Việt Nam's leading universities, including the Vietnam National Universities in Hà Nội and Hồ Chí Minh City, as well as others. This approach will provide the younger generations of both countries with the opportunities to learn, experience, and serve as strong cultural and scientific bridges.He proposed encouraging joint scientific research programmes and cooperation projects in areas of mutual interest and strength. Armenia has been developing rapidly in information technology, high technology, mathematics, and physics, the fields that Việt Nam is also prioritising with numerous reputable universities and research institutes. Additionally, the top lawmaker called for enhanced sharing of experiences in higher education management, quality accreditation, and development of internationally standardised training programmes meeting labour market demands in the digital era.In his message to the students, Mẫn expressed his hope that they will learn more about Việt Nam, its people, and the traditional friendship between the two countries, emphasising that they will be young ambassadors and important bridges connecting Việt Nam and Armenia, making the bonds become stronger in the future.He also took this occasion to encourage the Vietnamese students who are studying in Armenia and other countries to remain proud of their national traditions, overcome difficulties, and focus on their studies and scientific research to absorb advanced knowledge. Besides, Mẫn urged them to serve as positive bridges introducing Việt Nam's cultural beauty, landscapes, and people to international friends and Armenian people. He advised them to remain united, help each other, and strictly abide by the host country's laws.The Yerevan State University is Armenia's oldest public university, established in 1919. The institution has not only laid the foundation for many other higher education establishments but has also been the cradle for generations of talented scientists, managers, and outstanding cultural figures who have made significant contributions to Armenia's national construction and defence cause. Since its founding, approximately one hundred Vietnamese students have studied and conducted research at the university. — VNS

National Assembly Chairman Trần Thanh Mẫn and his spouse Nguyễn&nbsp;

Top Vietnamese legislator visits Yerevan State University

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